Biomechanical study of the visual system by ocular response analyzer investigates the inter-structural biological relationships, mechanics, and function of the visual system. This review aimed to investigate the changes in corneal biomechanical parameters with age and sex. The articles published in PubMed between 2000 and 2021 were investigated and critiqued, and valid scientific evidence was collected, reviewed and concluded according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies showed that corneal biomechanical changes occur infrequently in children up to the age of 20y, and with increasing age and wider age range, there was a significant decrease in corneal biomechanical indices, especially corneal hysteresis. In children and adults, most studies have shown that these biomechanical indicators, especially corneal resistance factor, were higher in females. Although hormonal changes may contribute to this finding, the role of axial length and other biometric indicators should not be ignored. The axial length, the intraocular pressure, and the corneal thickness are other factors associated with biomechanical parameters that should be taken into account in clinical diagnosis and management especially for patients undergoing refractive surgery as well as keratoconus patients.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microcatheter-assisted 360-degree trabeculotomy combined with trabeculectomy (MATT-Trab) for treating refractory glaucoma.

To measure the optimal anterior chamber pressure (ACP) for safe phacoemulsification using a new tube chamber system with internal pressure measurement function in the porcine eye.

To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on the binocular visual function in myopic patients with glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) technique.

To investigate whether interleukin-17A (IL-17A) gets involved in the mechanisms of inflammation-related retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells injury and its significance in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

To compare the macular and optic nerve perfusion and vascular architecture using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal eyes of Egyptian (Caucasians) and South Asian (Asians) volunteers.

Improvements in surgical techniques have led to 90% success in the surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). However, anatomical reattachment of the retina does not ensure complete recovery of visual function. The incidence of metamorphopsia remains the most common postoperative complaint, from 24% to 88.6%. Currently, the risk factors of metamorphopsia are categorized into macular involvement, retinal shift, outer retinal folds, subretinal fluid, secondary epiretinal membrane, outer retinal layer damage, and surgical approach. The associations of metamorphopsia with postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and postoperative vision-related quality of life were still controversial. The most popular methods for assessment of metamorphopsia remain the Amsler grid and M-Charts. Most treatments cannot progress beyond the management of negative visual sensations, through methods such as occlusion therapy and aniseikonia-correcting spectacles. The main treatment approach involves RRD prevention and the management of risk factors that can lead to postoperative metamorphopsia after RRD repair. Additional research concerning metamorphopsia treatment, further upgrades of auxiliary inspection methods, and more accurate microstructural assessments are needed to address this common complication.

To assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and prevalence of glaucoma among individuals aged 40y and above in the United States.

To evaluate the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) at the Philippine General Hospital.

To quantify and compare longitudinal thickness changes of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and the choroid in patients with different patterns of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression.

To investigate the influence of postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) positions on the accuracy of cataract surgery and examine the predictive factors of postoperative biometry prediction errors using the Barrett Universal II (BUII) IOL formula for calculation.

To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) in individuals with ocular hypertension (OHT) and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.

Orbital disorders include conditions originating from the orbital bones, surrounding tissues, and post-orbital septum. They also include systemic ailments affecting the orbit. Different clinical symptoms make up the complex range of orbital disorders. Because these disorders mostly impact the orbital area instead of the intraocular compartment, there is little diagnostic usefulness for typical ophthalmic visual tests. As such, the vital instruments for diagnosing and evaluating orbital illnesses have become ophthalmic imaging modalities, including ocular ultrasonography (B-scan), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One way to improve the precision and promptness of diagnosing orbital diseases is to standardize the functioning of widely used imaging equipment and define the radiological features of orbital abnormalities. Such programs are crucial for the care of patients with orbital disorders since they considerably reduce the number of misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses in these individuals. The underlying concepts, operational techniques, and normal and pathological imaging findings associated with common diagnostic tools for orbital illnesses are all thoroughly reviewed in this guideline. The objective is to improve primary healthcare settings' diagnostic competence in the field of orbital pathology and to standardize procedures for diagnosing orbital disorders.

To test the effect of autophagy on inflammatory damage resulting from oxidative stress in adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19).

To assess the possibility of using different large language models (LLMs) in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surface diseases: ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, Claude 2, PaLM2, and SenseNova.

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration, with the characteristic pathological change being death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which ultimately causes visual field loss and irreversible blindness. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the most important risk factor for glaucoma, but the exact mechanism responsible for the death of RGCs is currently unknown. Neurotrophic factor deficiency, impaired mitochondrial structure and function, disrupted axonal transport, disturbed Ca homeostasis, and activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways play important roles in RGC death in glaucoma. This review was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Project, and other databases to summarize the relevant mechanisms of death of RGCs in glaucoma, in addition to outlining protective treatments to improve the degradation of RGCs.

To identify topographic determinants of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) in patients with keratoconus (KCN).

To explore the neuroprotective effects of high mobility group box 2 () knockdown on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI).