Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disease that can affect any organ in the body, but most commonly involves lungs and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis is often considered an autoimmune disease, attributed to many factors, including autoantigen-specific T cells, antibodies producing B lymphocytes, autoimmune inflammation, although its exact cause and classification are still under debate.The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible role of autoantibodies, such as anti-nuclear (ANA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) and antiphospholipids, in sarcoidosis patients.

The present survey, promoted by the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-Lung, Core Networks Sarcoidosis and ILD), aims to assess the existing sarcoidosis registries and biobanks across Europe and to compare the various types of biospecimen collected, the different procedures performed, and the sample storage conditions applied. This survey was initiated by the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-Lung) Core Network "Sarcoidosis" in April 2023. The survey was launched by ERN-Lung Core Network "Sarcoidosis" in August 2023 and remained active until end of February 2024. It was disseminated to all ERN-Lung Core Network "Sarcoidosis" members (first round) and to "ILD" CN members (second round) via mail. Consent to completing the questionnaire was expressly requested before starting the online procedure.  This survey raises important questions about future developments. The creation of registries and biobanks specific for sarcoidosis is mandatory to improve the knowledge of sarcoidosis pathogenesis and its management. This survey shows that the map of registries and biobanks specific for sarcoidosis in Europe is fragmented and needs merging, funding and coordination to allow high quality and structured research in sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disorder characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas. It is a disorder of unknown etiology. Interferon-induced sarcoidosis is a well-known phenomenon. However, in the past few years, few cases have come forward in which after treatment with a monoclonal antibody, Alemtuzumab, patients developed sarcoidosis. This antibody targets the pan-lymphocyte CD52 antigen found on both human lymphoid and myeloid cells and is used in the treatment of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, leukemia, etc. Patients, in these cases, after a few years of treatment developed sarcoidosis but fortunately responded well to the treatment, if needed.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown cause characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomatous inflammation in various organs, mainly  lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Its clinical and paraclinical presentation can vary from mild to life-threatening. Our objective is to study the clinical, paraclinical and evolution profile of mediastino-pulmonary sarcoidosis.

This study aimed to investigate the potential clinical factors that may be associated with the incidence of lung cancer. A total of 150 individuals were enrolled in this cohort study, of which 78 were diagnosed with lung cancer. The results of this study revealed some interesting findings. Specifically, male sex, older age, and lower BMI were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer. In contrast, several pulmonary function measures, including FEV1/FVC ratio, FVC, and FEV1, were significantly associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer. Additionally, higher levels of Feno were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. These findings may be useful in developing strategies for the prevention and management of lung cancer, particularly for individuals with these risk factors. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms behind these associations. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential clinical factors that may be associated with lung cancer incidence, and it highlights the importance of early detection and prevention strategies.

There is limited data on the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 in sarcoidosis patients and the underlying parameters linked to severity. We aimed to conduct a national multicenter study to explore the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 in sarcoidosis patients and investigate its impact on hospitalization and infection rates, describe the characteristics of the infected population and assess the role of these characteristics in determining the likelihood of infection or hospitalization.

Post-covid pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) is an essential cause of hypoxic respiratory failure, especially in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. In our study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of methylprednisolone and methotrexate treatments in patients diagnosed with PCPF and in whom progression was observed despite nintedanib treatment.  Methods: Forty-eight patients diagnosed with PCPF between April 2022 and February 2023 were followed up in our study. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis was observed in 18 of these patients despite nintedanib treatment. Nintedanib + methylprednisolone treatment was started in Group 1 patients, and nintedanib + methotrexate treatment was started in Group 2 patients, and after three months, a respiratory function test (PFT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), saturation, pulse, and side effect levels were compared.

 Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the major contributor to mortality in between chronic lung diseases. ILD originates from voluminous pathophysiological factors. One of the reasons is connective tissue diseases (CTD). According to experts, patients with CTD-ILD may have a stable disease activity and not need conventional treatment. Also, with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), these patients may benefit from improving clinical outcomes and regression in mortality. However, the characteristics of these patients and whether they have stable disease activity in practice are not known.

Vasculitis is a group of uncommon diseases characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, which contributes to the organ ischemia and damage. Cigarette smoke contains a high concentration of various toxins, which have the potential to affect the immune response and development of autoimmune/autoinflammatory rheumatic diseases including vasculitis. Smoking influences both innate and adaptive immune systems and plays binary functions in modulating immunity by either aggravating pathogenic immune responses or attenuating defensive immunity. Smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by various mechanisms including induction of tissue damage and apoptosis, changes in innate immune function and production of proinflammatory cytokines, changes in humoral immunity and T cell responses and anti-estrogen effects. In this review, we considered the available evidence on the association between smoking with the risk, clinical manifestations, response to treatment and outcomes of vasculitis, and the effect of smoking cessation on these parameters. In conclusion, despite inconclusive evidence of an increased risk of giant cell arthritis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated vasculitis (AAV) in smokers, there is strong evidence that smokers have a lower risk of Behcet's disease (BD). Furthermore, smoking changes the clinical picture and outcomes of BD and AAV.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown origin. Conventional laboratory and imaging modalities may lead to equivocal conclusions for sarcoidosis diagnosis. 68Ga-citrate PET/CT has been utilized in the diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious diseases due to its beter  performance.  Aims: This study was designed to determine the clinical trenchancy of 68Ga-citrate in sarcoidosis patients as an alternative tracer that binds to the somtastotin receptors of the inflammatory cells in sarcoid granulomas because current laboratory modalities may occasionally lack accuracy for sarcoidosis diagnosis. Conventional criteria including clinical, laboratory, radiologic modalities, and 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with the 68Ga-citrate PET/CT to evaluate the diagnostic yield in sarcoidosis.

Interstitial lung diseases have high mortality associated with hospitalization for decompensation. There are doubts about the factors involved in the progression of fibrosis, for example the role played by acute exacerbations.  With this work, the authors intend to analyze whether there are predictive parameters of mortality related to exacerbations.

Lung cancer is one of the significant comorbidities seen in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). However, there is limited data on non-IPF Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) patients with lung cancer (LC). The present study aims to compare the characteristics and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with LC in IPF and non-IPF PF.

This case highlights an unusually rapid onset and extensive presentation of eruptive cutaneous sarcoidosis in a 61-year-old woman who developed a sudden, widespread pruritic rash overnight after ingesting a supplement containing black seed oil and vitamins D3, K2, and E. She responded well to corticosteroid treatment. We compared the findings with two other cases found in the literature. This type of presentation has not been previously documented.

Sarcoidosis can affect every organ with varying frequency based on ethnicity, gender and age. We aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and fatigue levels of our sarcoidosis patients. However, our second aim is to determine whether patient or disease markers correlate with quality of life assessment questionnaires.

Some of the hospitalized patients after severe COVID-19 pneumonia experience significant fall in peripheral saturation despite optimal treatment. Because of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 there are indications that prolonged corticosteroids could be considered in treating patients for persistent radiological sequelae and respiratory symptoms.

Only a few series of patients with scar sarcoidosis (SS) have been reported. Our aim was to analyse the clinical features of SS patients and their relationship to the prognosis of sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis of the central nervous system (CNS) often presents deleterious effects on affected patients. Data and available literature discussing the diagnosis and treatment of this condition are scarce and inconsistent. In this study, we aim to shed light on demographics, management, diagnostics, and clinical complications of CNS sarcoidosis patients within the United States (US) based on a nation-wide registry questionnaire.

Schisandrin B (Sch B) is an active monomer of Schisandrin with anti-fibrosis pharmacological action. The study investigated whether Sch B alleviate bleomycin-induced (BLM-Induced) pulmonary fibrosis in mice and attempted to clarify its anti-fibrosis mechanism.